What is Hyperpigmentation?
Hyperpigmentation refers to changes in the melanin content and distribution of the skin. There are three primary types of pigmentation:
Solar lentigines
These non-cancerous, UV-induced pigmented lesions present on the superficial layers of the skin. They have clearly defined edges and are not considered dangerous in this superficial form. However, because they are caused by UV sun exposure, they must be monitored.
They can develop into skin cancer and melanoma, depending on how much UV light the melanin pigments are exposed to. Solar lentigines can take years to develop, or they may suddenly appear. They can occur anywhere on the body and vary in colour from light brown to black. All skin types are susceptible.
Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)
This presents usually after skin has been damaged or injured. It happens usually in cases of acne, burns, friction or overly aggressive chemical peels, dermabrasion, laser and/or IPL. PIH can happen to all skin types. The condition usually self resolves with time, but it does responds well to topical skincare.
Melasma / Chloasma
This pigmentation appears as larger, brown, mask-like patches on the face. It is often symmetrical, with a non-distinct border. Melasma is more common in women and typically seen in Asian and fair skinned people. It is linked to hormonal imbalances, but it can be made worse with UV exposure, overheating the blood, some medications, pregnancy and stress. It’s not completely curable, but it can be minimised with clinical treatments and topical skincare.
Home Hyperpigmentation Treatments
Topical preparations can have a lightening and brightening effect on some pigmentation. Look for targeted, proven-to-be-effective ingredients. These include Vitamin A, Vitamin B3/Niacinamide, and Vitamin C, as well as Dimethyl methoxy chrominyl palmitate, Alpha Hydroxy acids, Kojic acid, Soy protein and Liquorice extract.
In Salon Hyperpigmentation Treatments
Mild hyper-pigmentation can be reduced with gentle enzymatic peels and brightening treatments, as well as home skincare. It is essential that the therapist doesn’t use overly active ingredients or treatments, because these can make the condition worse.
In Clinic Hyperpigmentation Treatments
Treating hyperpigmentation is complex and depends on many factors, including the type of pigmentation, your skin type and ethnicity. So, seeing a qualified dermatologist or cosmetic physician in a clinic environment is recommended for best results.
Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is more common in darker skin tones, so care should be exercised. Galvanic infusion of L-ascorbic acid, superficial peels, fractional laser, topical products and low-level laser can be used conservatively for these skin types. More aggressive chemical peels, IPL, laser and microdermabrasion are tolerated by paler skin tones.
Best results can be achieved by addressing the condition holistically, using a combination of therapies. This includes cosmeceutical grade skincare, lifestyle modification, individualised clinical treatment and hormonal analysis if required.
For Best Results
Not all forms of hyperpigmentation can be permanently removed, so it’s important that the practitioner has a clear understanding of the client’s skin and is well educated in this area. As a result, good outcomes results can be achieved and maintained.
